Coletânea de vinte textos, elaborados por professores de várias universidades, que analisam, a partir de diferentes ângulos, questões de teoria e metodologia nos cursos de História. A reflexão para pensar a nossa história, o ensino, a historiografia histórica, da 'história total' à 'história em migalhas', o livro didático de história e a história no fim do milênio são temas discutidos na obra.

Despite the importance of human blood to clinical practice and research, hematology and blood transfusion data remain scattered throughout a range of disparate sources. This lack of systematization concerning the use and definition of terms poses problems for physicians and biomedical professionals. We are introducing here the Blood Ontology, an ongoing initiative designed to serve as a controlled vocabulary for use in organizing information about blood. The paper describes the scope of the Blood Ontology, its stage of development and some (...) of its anticipated uses. (shrink)

O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar embates e discutir perspectivas sobre a atualidade do conceito de indústria cultural para analisar o uso do smartphone e seus derivados e sua relação com a compreensão leitora e a construção de sentido. A questão que norteia a pesquisa é: Após o término da educação básica e diante do uso constante da linguagem imagética presente nos conteúdos acessados pelos smartphones e seus derivados, é possível o sujeito fazer uma leitura, de forma crítica e dialética (...) de, por exemplo, uma charge? Em que medida, isso poderia ocorrer? A hipótese da pesquisa é que, ao realizar a leitura no aparato, a palavra perde relevância comparada à imagem que é percebida, visualizada, mais do que pensada/entendida e o seu conceito se reduz a uma função icônica. Por isso, o campo semântico se limita a associações automáticas e, dessa forma, operacionalizam-se as leituras. A pesquisa empírica realizada foi desenvolvida com a participação de estudantes com idades entre 17 e 19 anos, ou seja, que já concluíram a educação básica e ingressaram em uma universidade. O instrumento de pesquisa aplicado foi uma questão escrita a partir de uma charge com um assunto vinculado ao dia a dia dos participantes e, uma entrevista previamente formulada. (shrink)

In many countries consumers have shown an increasing interest to the way in which food products are being produced. This study investigates Chinese consumers’ attitudes towards different pig production systems by means of a conjoint analysis. While there has been a range of studies on Western consumers’ attitudes to various forms of food production, little is known about the level of Chinese consumers’ attitudes. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 472 participants in 6 Chinese cities. Results indicate that Chinese (...) consumers prefer industrial pig production systems, where traditional pig breeds are raised, over large-scale and small family farms. Farms with maximum attention to food safety, which furthermore can provide lean meat with consistent quality, are also preferred. Imported pig breeds and tasty but variable meat were rejected. A 3-cluster solution found that consumers from cluster 1 focus almost exclusively on the food safety aspect (food safety focused). Consumers from cluster 2 (indifferent) show weak overall attitudes to pig production systems in general. Cluster 3 (industrial production oriented) stands out by being very positive about industrial, large-size farms and consistent quality. From a Chinese consumer’s perspective, the industrial approach seems to represent values such as achievement and evolution, as well as quality and safety, since pig production is moving away from low-cost, low-quality, and low-safety family-scale systems. A complex set of rural and environmental development, quality aspects, and food safety measures are challenges that must be met by the stakeholders of pig production systems in China. (shrink)

The goal of this paper is to assess biological naturalism in light of the adaptationist debate. Searle is famous for explicity pursuing a biological foundation for his theory of consciousness. However, evolutionary biology receives little attention in his work, which results in crucial theoretical confusions over adaptationism. In this paper, we will propose two theses concerning Searle's approach to consciousness in the context of the adaptationist debate. First, Searle's attack on adaptationism only applies to its naive version, failing to touch (...) any of the more sophisticated versions of adaptationism, especially the empirical one. Second, despite his attack, in the end Searle embraces empirical adaptationism about consciousness. Howsoever, Searle's empirical foundation for his thesis that the evolutionary advantage of consciousness lies in a greater power of discrimination faces a serious problem of generalization regarding non-human animals. (shrink)

Aristotle normally used historical notations to support his arguments. This is somewhat true for all the works of the corpus, but above all for Politics: the nature, objectives, and methodology of the investigations in this treatise present the strongest links with actual and concrete data, and therefore with historia. Obviously even the Aristotle of Politics is not a historian who wants to report known historiographical traditions; however, regardless of his intentions, there is no doubt that the work in question contains (...) precious ‘fragments’ of history which, in general, confirm or supplement our knowledge. There are, however, cases in which the Aristotelian exempla end up filling in the omissions and gaps of the available sources, such as the cursory reference to the nomos of the Aphytaians, which appears in the section of book 6 dedicated to the so-called agricultural democracy. (shrink)

In this article, we scrutinize views that justify exclusionary policies regarding transgender athletes based primarily on physiological criteria. We introduce and examine some elements that deserve...

We describe the rationale for an application ontology covering the domain of human body fluids that is designed to facilitate representation, reuse, sharing and integration of diagnostic, physiological, and biochemical data, We briefly review the Blood Ontology (BLO), Saliva Ontology (SALO) and Kidney and Urinary Pathway Ontology (KUPO) initiatives. We discuss the methods employed in each, and address the project of using them as starting point for a unified body fluids ontology resource. We conclude with a description of how the (...) body fluids ontology initiative may provide support to basic and translational science. (shrink)

Este artigo observa o trabalho fotográfico de Carlos Pasquetti (1948) a partir de sua relação com o retrato e a ironia, a qual o percorre na extensão que vai da sua concepção à sua criação. A aproximação com o conceito do retrato se dá pela visão de Galienne e Pierre Francastel na difícil, se possível, tarefa de defini-lo. O conceito de ironia que emprego é a interpretação de Kierkegaard. Elementos não esgotáveis pela abrangência deste artigo, retrato e ironia foram e (...) são empreendidos no trabalho de Pasquetti, de quem recolho excertos de entrevistas concedidas, nas quais o artista apresenta um pouco da sua relação com esses elementos, os quais participam da construção de seu trabalho.Palavras-chave: Carlos Pasquetti. Ironia. Retrato. Arte contemporânea. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

In this article, some issues related to learning difficulties are addressed based on the question: how does the field of psychopedagogy conceive learning difficulties and what strategies does it propose to reduce them? With the study, we sought to understand how the field of psychopedagogy can contribute to reducing the learning difficulties of children who attend the initial years of basic education. To this end, a qualitative and descriptive study was carried out, with a bibliographic review. It was made a (...) bibliographic review on this field’s current knowledge on several electronic platforms. The focus was on the productions found in the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations and in the Journal of the Brazilian Psychopedagogy Association. Despite presenting relevant productions, it was not identified any text that answered the question raised, which made it necessary to expand the search for books in the area. Two works were then selected, which comprised the materiality of the research. From some selected excerpts, it was possible to understand and conceptualize what learning is and to identify the main difficulties faced by children in the early years. The most frequent ones are those related to reading and writing. Finally, we reflected on the feasibility of helping children in the learning process, through interventions aimed at children’s specific learning difficulties, providing them with better development both in school activities and beyond. (shrink)

Aristóteles usó normalmente notaciones históricas para apoyar sus argumentos filosóficos. Esto es cierto para todas las obras del corpus, pero sobre todo para la Política: la naturaleza, los objetivos y la metodología de las investigaciones en este tratado presentan los vínculos más fuertes con datos reales y concretos, y por lo tanto con la historia. Evidentemente, el Aristóteles de la Política no es un historiador que quiera informar sobre tradiciones historiográficas conocidas; sin embargo, independientemente de sus intenciones, no hay duda (...) de que la obra en cuestión contiene preciosos ‘fragmentos’ de historia que, en general, confirman o complementan nuestro conocimiento. Hay, sin embargo, casos en los que los exempla aristotélicos acaban llenando las omisiones y lagunas de las fuentes disponibles, como la rápida y concisa referencia al nomos de los Aphytaioi, que aparece en la sección del libro 6 dedicada a la llamada democracia agrícola. Palabras-clave: Aristóteles, Política, historia, democracia agrícola, Aphytaioi. (shrink)

The first goal of this paper is to reply to a number of criticisms levied by Gunnar Breivik and Robert L. Simon against an account of sporting skills I published almost 20 years ago in which I distinguished between constitutive and restorative skills and examined their normative significance. To accomplish this goal, I first summarize my characterization and classification of skills and then detail the criticisms. After responding to the latter, and thus reconsidering and hopefully strengthening my account of skill (...) in sport, I turn my attention to Scott Kretchmar and Tim Elcombe’s inquiry into the skills involved in competitive sport. These authors claim that contesting skills demand the same respect usually accorded to testing skills. The second goal of this paper is then to explore Kretchmar and Elcombe’s inquiry under the light of my reconsidered analysis of skill. I specifically advocate a plausible relationship, both in terms of their distinctive character and relative import, between testing and contesting skills and constitutive and restorative skills. In doing so, I seek to present a more comprehensive account of skill in non-competitive and competitive sport. (shrink)

El propósito central enfatiza la comprensión histórico-cultural de la diversidad y la diferencia como productoras de escenarios donde la tolerancia debe redimir la exclusión y fomentar la equidad; explica, reflexiva y críticamente, algunas ideas que subrayan la urgen te necesidad de replantear los d..

Much media attention has been given to the potentially shifting voting patterns of the U.S. Hispanic population in the 2020 election. However, far less attention has been given to the implications...

One important limitation of the current renditions of interpretivism is that its emphasis on the moral dimension of sport has overlooked the aesthetic dimension lying at the core of this account of sport. The interpretivist’s failure to acknowledge and consider the aesthetic implicitly distances this realm from the moral. Marcia Muelder Eaton calls this distancing the separatist mistake. This paper argues that interpretivism presupposes not only moral but also aesthetic principles and values. What it sets out to demonstrate is that (...) interpretivism is an integralist, or nonseparatist, account of sport, one in which ethical and aesthetic values are not exclusive. Making explicit and specifying interpretivism’s combined moral-aesthetic approach to sport not only helps to better distinguish the whole range of values that make up sport as well as their interconnection but also encourages sportspeople to pursue more coherent sport and, thus, more enriching lives. (shrink)

Includes a translator’s preface, note on the text, and suggestions for further reading.

Trata-se de apresentar os caminhos de uma abordagem, cética em relação à política e seus mecanismos de sedução, bem como a sua imprevisibilidade.

Organized youth sport has become a prominent activity in Western societies, one around which myriad families structure their daily lives. Despite its popularity, or rather because of it, youth sport is besotted with complex problems. One distinctive set of problems pertains to children’s opportunities to benefit from engagement in sport. Such problems require a reflection on the conditions of justice. The goal of this paper is to explore ethical guidelines to make youth sport more just. The paper begins by characterizing (...) childhood, youth, and youth sport. Then, it articulates considerations of justice in youth sport. Together, these sections provide a basis to formulate the general features of a just youth sport. What emerges is a vision of youth sport that the adults involved in it should emphasize and implement if their young charges, and youth sport, are to flourish, as well as a novel approach to formulating and justifying normative criteria to make youth sport more just. (shrink)

The field of numerical cognition provides a fairly clear picture of the processes through which we learn basic arithmetical facts. This scientific picture, however, is rarely taken as providing a response to a much‐debated philosophical question, namely, the question of how we obtain number knowledge, since numbers are usually thought to be abstract entities located outside of space and time. In this paper, I take the scientific evidence on how we learn arithmetic as providing a response to the philosophical question (...) of how we obtain number knowledge. I reject the view that numbers are abstract entities located outside of space and time and, alternatively, derive from the scientific evidence a novel account of the nature of numbers. In this account, numbers are reifications of the counting procedure and arithmetic statements are seen as describing the functioning of counting and calculation techniques. (shrink)

Addressing both collegiate and professional sports, the updated edition of Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport explores the ethical presuppositions of competitive athletics and their connection both to ethical theory and to concrete moral dilemmas that arise in actual athletic competition. This fourth edition has been updated with new examples, including a discussion of Spygate by the New England Patriots and recent discoveries on the use of performance enhancing drugs by top athletes. Two additional authors, Cesar R. Torres and (...) Peter F. Hager, bring to this edition a discussion of the moral issues involved in youth sports and the ethics of being a fan, as well as a fresh perspective on the theories of broad internalism and the quest for excellence. Furthermore, major criticisms of broad internalism by philosophers William J. Morgan and Scott Kretchmar add a new dimension to the discussion on the moral foundations of winning. (shrink)

Este texto tem por objetivo refletir estas questões a partir da noção de INFÂNCIA, trabalharemos esta noção tendo como ponto de partida a idéia do in-fans, ou seja, aquele que não fala, o que não possui a palavra, o que não tem a razão. Procurarei indicar o caminho de uma discussão que nos permita ver as relações de poder que se efetivam nas trocas dialógicas dentro do espaço escolar. Neste sentido, partirei de uma situação real, concreta, de um evento ocorrido (...) em uma sala de aula de 1a. série do ensino fundamental de uma Escola Pública em Piracicaba, interior de São Paulo. (shrink)

The reflections around teacher training and the means by which it is treated in the educational contexts have major importance, due to the urgency of the topic as well as the multiplicity of ways to be dealt along with the teachers. From researches of images production, developed with children and teachers in the ambit of early childhood education, this text will reflect on the formative processes of teachers in the childhood education. In this context, there are a few relevant questions: (...) what can the image do in the formative processes? In which ways may the teacher training help us to think about the childhood and the educational practices with little children? By which means may the childhood help us to think the work of teacher training. In this way, using the produced images, this text aims to operate in the circulation movement of the thought itself, in which the thought can, in its exteriority, experiment with words, childhood, image and teacher training, enabling ruptures to think about the child, the educators, the school, the knowledge, the doing, the powers, the action protocols, what to do with the children and how to deal with them, composing possibilities that overflow what is determined and legalized. As theoretical basis, we take authors such as G. Agamben, G. Deleuze e Michel Foucault. (shrink)

A resenha expõe o trabalho do autor - Valdinei Aparecido Ferreira, o qual faz a conceituação de Protestantismo e Modernidades nos principais expoentes da sociologia clássica e contemporânea. Aplicando estes conceitos para o século XX na América Latina e, principalmente no Brasil, trabalhando com a implantação do protestantismo no Brasil e sua influência.

The article explores the development of the concept of revolution in modernity. We start from the hypothesis, formulated by Lazzarato, who claims that the abandonment of the idea of revolution is the reason for the political and theoretical defeat of critical thinking after May 68. Next, we trace a brief genealogy of the concept of revolution, focusing on the legacy of the French Revolution. In this part we use the analyzes of the classic study by Koselleck, but also from the (...) Foucauldian reading of Kant. A third moment is dedicated to the critique between the conception of time and its relationship with history in the work of Giorgio Agamben. The Italian, supported by Walter Benjamin, argues that Marxism lacked a radical understanding of time as relevant as its conception of history. Finally, we explore the dichotomy of uprising and revolution in an attempt to open other argumentative hypotheses to critical thinking from the idea of suspension of historical time present in a study by another Italian, Furio Jesi. (shrink)

El presente artículo examina la concepción de sujeto que Martha Nussbaum (1947) establece en el marco de su teoría cognitivo-evaluadora de las emociones. El objetivo es mostrar cómo la revalorización de la dimensión afectiva que la autora sugiere, supone a su vez, un reconocimiento de la vulnerabilidad humana entendida como una condición subjetiva universal. Esta nueva concepción de sujeto vulnerable implica una resignificación de la noción de dignidad humana. Dicho giro tiene fuertes implicancias desde un punto de vista ético, sobre (...) todo, en lo que refiere a la tensión entre autonomía y vulnerabilidad que caracteriza nuestra existencia, las cuales serán abordadas a lo largo del trabajo. (shrink)